Chapter 1: What is Democracy?
Defining Democracy
Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. The word comes from Greek: 'demos' (people) + 'kratia' (rule).
Core Principle
"Government of the people, by the people, for the people" - Abraham Lincoln
Features of Democracy
- Elected Representatives: Rulers elected by the people
- Free and Fair Elections: Regular elections with universal adult franchise
- One Person, One Vote: Equal voting rights for all citizens
- Rule of Law: Laws apply equally to all citizens
- Rights and Freedoms: Protection of fundamental rights
Types of Democracy
Direct Democracy: Citizens directly participate in decision-making (e.g., ancient Athens, Swiss cantons)
Representative Democracy: Citizens elect representatives who make decisions on their behalf (e.g., India, USA)
Why Democracy?
- Promotes equality among citizens
- Enhances dignity of individuals
- Improves quality of decision-making
- Provides method to resolve conflicts
- Allows room for correction of mistakes